Study plan
- WP
- 6SWS
- 10ECTS
Compulsory elective modules 0. Semester
Aktuelles Thema: Cross Border Logistics
Compulsory elective modules 1. Semester
Compulsory elective modules 2. Semester
Compulsory elective modules 3. Semester
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
Compulsory elective modules 4. Semester
Arbeitsrechtsmanagement
Ausbildereignungsschein
Controlling
Digitalisierung und Innovation
ECR / CRM / Distribution Logistics
Europäische Wirtschaftspolitik
Human Resource Management
IT-gestützte BWL
Industrielles Man. / Produktionslogistik
Internationale Rechnungslegung
Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen
Internes Rechnungswesen / Kostenmanagement
Konzernabschluss und JA-Analyse
Logistiksysteme / Logistikdienstleister
Marktwirtschaftliches Unternehmensumfeld
Operatives Marketingmanagement
Projektmanagement
Qualitätsmanagement
Qualitätsmanagement (WPM BA BW)
Spezielle Fragen der Unternehmensführung
Steuerbilanzpolitik und anwendungsorientierte Unternehmensbesteuerung
Steuerplanung im Unternehmen
Strategisches Marketingmanagement
Supplier Relationship Man./Beschaffungslogistik
Transportnetze
Unternehmensführung / Strategisches Management
Vorbereitung auf die Zertifizierung in einem berufsqualifizierten ERP System
Wertschöpfungsnetzwerke
Ökonometrie
Compulsory elective modules 6. Semester
- WP
- 6SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 6SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 6SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 6SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 6SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
- WP
- 0SWS
- 10ECTS
Compulsory elective modules 7. Semester
Aktuelles Thema: Alternative Finance
Aktuelles Thema: Energiewirtschaft
Aktuelles Thema: Europäisches Datenschutzrecht
Aktuelles Thema: Internet-Management
Aktuelles Thema: Lean Six Sigma & Logistics in Automotive
International Management (englischsprachig)
Statistische Analysemethoden
Module overview
0. Semester of study
Aktuelles Thema: Cross Border Logistics- WP
- 6 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 6 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90800
Duration (semester)
1
Contact time
90 h
Self-study
210 h
Learning outcomes/competences
This compulsory elective module is intended to enable the Dean's Office to approve special and usually one-off WPM courses on current topics, e.g. based on changes in the law, technological developments or economic situations ("crisis"). Such flexible offers were requested by some subject groups and can also be considered across subject groups (e.g. Business Administration + Economics or Business Administration + Law).
Students are familiar with the context and basic theories of the "current topic", develop possible solutions for the "new" problem and also practise innovative research methods, independent learning, group work and presentations.
Contents
- A+B: 4SV
- C: Seminar with a high proportion of individual work by students (2S)
Teaching methods
Accompanying compulsory reading of specified sources as well as independent research on current topics and practical problems or applications
. Group work, moderated discussion, "learning by doing", independent preparation of papers, presentation of papers and group results under time restrictions.
It is advisable to invite external experts to give lectures or to participate in the courses as lecturers.
Participation requirements
Content: To be specified by the lecturer in each case (e.g. a WPM I or II as a prerequisite)
Forms of examination
Final exam
Requirements for the awarding of credit points
Applicability of the module (in other degree programs)
Importance of the grade for the final grade
1. Semester of study
Einführung in die Wirtschaftswissenschaften- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
Number
91010
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Methodenkompetenz- PF
- 0 SWS
- 4 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 4 ECTS
Number
91040
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Quantitative Grundlagen I- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
Number
91130
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Rechnungswesen I- PF
- 0 SWS
- 7 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 7 ECTS
Number
91090
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
2. Semester of study
Englisch I- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
Number
91190
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Logistik I- PF
- 0 SWS
- 8 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 8 ECTS
Number
91060
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Managementmethoden I- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
Number
91020
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Privates Wirtschaftsrecht- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
Number
91180
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Quantitative Grundlagen II- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
Number
91140
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Rechnungswesen II- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
Number
91100
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Statistik- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
Number
91160
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
3. Semester of study
Grundzüge - Investition, Finanzierung und Steuern- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
Number
91110
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Logistik II- PF
- 0 SWS
- 12 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 12 ECTS
Number
91070
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Managementmethoden II- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
Number
91030
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Volkswirtschaftslehre- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
Number
91170
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
4. Semester of study
Englisch II- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
Number
91200
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Investition, Finanzierung und Steuern- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
Number
91120
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Logistik III- PF
- 0 SWS
- 8 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 8 ECTS
Number
91080
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Quantitative Grundlagen III- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
Number
91150
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Arbeitsrechtsmanagement- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90780
Duration (semester)
1
Ausbildereignungsschein- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90803
Duration (semester)
1
Controlling- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90701
Duration (semester)
1
Digitalisierung und Innovation- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90788
Duration (semester)
1
ECR / CRM / Distribution Logistics- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
91371
Duration (semester)
1
Europäische Wirtschaftspolitik- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90787
Duration (semester)
1
Human Resource Management- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90742
Duration (semester)
1
IT-gestützte BWL- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90782
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Industrielles Man. / Produktionslogistik- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
91351
Duration (semester)
1
Internationale Rechnungslegung- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90711
Duration (semester)
1
Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90784
Duration (semester)
1
Internes Rechnungswesen / Kostenmanagement- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90702
Duration (semester)
1
Konzernabschluss und JA-Analyse- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90712
Duration (semester)
1
Logistiksysteme / Logistikdienstleister- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
91372
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Marktwirtschaftliches Unternehmensumfeld- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90783
Duration (semester)
1
Operatives Marketingmanagement- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90732
Duration (semester)
1
Projektmanagement- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90802
Duration (semester)
1
Qualitätsmanagement- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90785
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Qualitätsmanagement (WPM BA BW)- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
91352
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Spezielle Fragen der Unternehmensführung- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90805
Duration (semester)
1
Steuerbilanzpolitik und anwendungsorientierte Unternehmensbesteuerung- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90761
Duration (semester)
1
Steuerplanung im Unternehmen- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90762
Duration (semester)
1
Strategisches Marketingmanagement- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90731
Duration (semester)
1
Supplier Relationship Man./Beschaffungslogistik- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
91361
Duration (semester)
1
Transportnetze- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
91353
Duration (semester)
1
Unternehmensführung / Strategisches Management- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90741
Duration (semester)
1
Vorbereitung auf die Zertifizierung in einem berufsqualifizierten ERP System- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90801
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Wertschöpfungsnetzwerke- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
91362
Duration (semester)
1
Ökonometrie- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90786
Duration (semester)
1
6. Semester of study
Auslandsstudiensemester (inkl. Bericht) / Praxissemester (inkl. Bericht)- PF
- 0 SWS
- 29 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 29 ECTS
Number
91310
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Mentoring 1, Studienstandsgespräch, Mentoring 2- PF
- 0 SWS
- 1 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 1 ECTS
Number
91300
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
7. Semester of study
Planspiel- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 5 ECTS
Number
91050
Language(s)
de
Duration (semester)
1
Thesis und Kolloquium- PF
- 0 SWS
- 15 ECTS
- PF
- 0 SWS
- 15 ECTS
Number
103
Duration (semester)
1
Aktuelles Thema: Alternative Finance- WP
- 6 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 6 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90800
Duration (semester)
1
Contact time
90 h
Self-study
210 h
Learning outcomes/competences
This compulsory elective module is intended to enable the Dean's Office to approve special and usually one-off WPM courses on current topics, e.g. based on changes in the law, technological developments or economic situations ("crisis"). Such flexible offers were requested by some subject groups and can also be considered across subject groups (e.g. Business Administration + Economics or Business Administration + Law).
Students are familiar with the context and basic theories of the "current topic", develop possible solutions for the "new" problem and also practise innovative research methods, independent learning, group work and presentations.
Contents
- A+B: 4SV
- C: Seminar with a high proportion of individual work by students (2S)
Teaching methods
Accompanying compulsory reading of specified sources as well as independent research on current topics and practical problems or applications
. Group work, moderated discussion, "learning by doing", independent preparation of papers, presentation of papers and group results under time restrictions.
It is advisable to invite external experts to give lectures or to participate in the courses as lecturers.
Participation requirements
Content: To be specified by the lecturer in each case (e.g. a WPM I or II as a prerequisite)
Forms of examination
Final exam
Requirements for the awarding of credit points
Applicability of the module (in other degree programs)
Importance of the grade for the final grade
Aktuelles Thema: Energiewirtschaft- WP
- 6 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 6 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90800
Duration (semester)
1
Contact time
90 h
Self-study
210 h
Learning outcomes/competences
This compulsory elective module is intended to enable the Dean's Office to approve special and usually one-off WPM courses on current topics, e.g. based on changes in the law, technological developments or economic situations ("crisis"). Such flexible offers were requested by some subject groups and can also be considered across subject groups (e.g. Business Administration + Economics or Business Administration + Law).
Students are familiar with the context and basic theories of the "current topic", develop possible solutions for the "new" problem and also practise innovative research methods, independent learning, group work and presentations.
Contents
- A+B: 4SV
- C: Seminar with a high proportion of individual work by students (2S)
Teaching methods
Accompanying compulsory reading of specified sources as well as independent research on current topics and practical problems or applications
. Group work, moderated discussion, "learning by doing", independent preparation of papers, presentation of papers and group results under time restrictions.
It is advisable to invite external experts to give lectures or to participate in the courses as lecturers.
Participation requirements
Content: To be specified by the lecturer in each case (e.g. a WPM I or II as a prerequisite)
Forms of examination
Final exam
Requirements for the awarding of credit points
Applicability of the module (in other degree programs)
Importance of the grade for the final grade
Aktuelles Thema: Europäisches Datenschutzrecht- WP
- 6 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 6 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90800
Duration (semester)
1
Contact time
90 h
Self-study
210 h
Learning outcomes/competences
This compulsory elective module is intended to enable the Dean's Office to approve special and usually one-off WPM courses on current topics, e.g. based on changes in the law, technological developments or economic situations ("crisis"). Such flexible offers were requested by some subject groups and can also be considered across subject groups (e.g. Business Administration + Economics or Business Administration + Law).
Students are familiar with the context and basic theories of the "current topic", develop possible solutions for the "new" problem and also practise innovative research methods, independent learning, group work and presentations.
Contents
- A+B: 4SV
- C: Seminar with a high proportion of individual work by students (2S)
Teaching methods
Accompanying compulsory reading of specified sources as well as independent research on current topics and practical problems or applications
. Group work, moderated discussion, "learning by doing", independent preparation of papers, presentation of papers and group results under time restrictions.
It is advisable to invite external experts to give lectures or to participate in the courses as lecturers.
Participation requirements
Content: To be specified by the lecturer in each case (e.g. a WPM I or II as a prerequisite)
Forms of examination
Final exam
Requirements for the awarding of credit points
Applicability of the module (in other degree programs)
Importance of the grade for the final grade
Aktuelles Thema: Internet-Management- WP
- 6 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 6 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90800
Duration (semester)
1
Contact time
90 h
Self-study
210 h
Learning outcomes/competences
This compulsory elective module is intended to enable the Dean's Office to approve special and usually one-off WPM courses on current topics, e.g. based on changes in the law, technological developments or economic situations ("crisis"). Such flexible offers were requested by some subject groups and can also be considered across subject groups (e.g. Business Administration + Economics or Business Administration + Law).
Students are familiar with the context and basic theories of the "current topic", develop possible solutions for the "new" problem and also practise innovative research methods, independent learning, group work and presentations.
Contents
- A+B: 4SV
- C: Seminar with a high proportion of individual work by students (2S)
Teaching methods
Accompanying compulsory reading of specified sources as well as independent research on current topics and practical problems or applications
. Group work, moderated discussion, "learning by doing", independent preparation of papers, presentation of papers and group results under time restrictions.
It is advisable to invite external experts to give lectures or to participate in the courses as lecturers.
Participation requirements
Content: To be specified by the lecturer in each case (e.g. a WPM I or II as a prerequisite)
Forms of examination
Final exam
Requirements for the awarding of credit points
Applicability of the module (in other degree programs)
Importance of the grade for the final grade
Aktuelles Thema: Lean Six Sigma & Logistics in Automotive- WP
- 6 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 6 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90800
Duration (semester)
1
Contact time
90 h
Self-study
210 h
Learning outcomes/competences
This compulsory elective module is intended to enable the Dean's Office to approve special and usually one-off WPM courses on current topics, e.g. based on changes in the law, technological developments or economic situations ("crisis"). Such flexible offers were requested by some subject groups and can also be considered across subject groups (e.g. Business Administration + Economics or Business Administration + Law).
Students are familiar with the context and basic theories of the "current topic", develop possible solutions for the "new" problem and also practise innovative research methods, independent learning, group work and presentations.
Contents
- A+B: 4SV
- C: Seminar with a high proportion of individual work by students (2S)
Teaching methods
Accompanying compulsory reading of specified sources as well as independent research on current topics and practical problems or applications
. Group work, moderated discussion, "learning by doing", independent preparation of papers, presentation of papers and group results under time restrictions.
It is advisable to invite external experts to give lectures or to participate in the courses as lecturers.
Participation requirements
Content: To be specified by the lecturer in each case (e.g. a WPM I or II as a prerequisite)
Forms of examination
Final exam
Requirements for the awarding of credit points
Applicability of the module (in other degree programs)
Importance of the grade for the final grade
International Management (englischsprachig)- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90804
Duration (semester)
1
Contact time
90 h
Self-study
210 h
Learning outcomes/competences
Technical competence:
Students understand the complexity of changing markets and regions, recognize the resulting opportunities and risks for companies and derive action strategies for companies from this.
Methodological competence:
Students use business management tools and techniques to find, develop, formulate and implement strategies for action in international business.
Key competence:
Students are able to position themselves appropriately in strategy and value discussions in the international and global networking of markets, consumers and companies.
Contents
- Meaning of internationalization
- Theoretical foundations of internationalization and globalization (understanding of terms, motives, degree of internationalization, etc.)
- Internationalization of Business Studies (historical development, development trends, globalization of the economy, supra- and international interest groups)
- Strategies of the internationally active company
- Management concepts of internationally active companies
- Organizational structures of international companies
Teaching methods
Participation requirements
Content: The module Fundamentals of Strategic Management should be passed.
Forms of examination
Requirements for the awarding of credit points
Applicability of the module (in other degree programs)
Importance of the grade for the final grade
Literature
Holtbrügge, D.; Welge, M.: Internationales Management, Stuttgart 2010
Jung, R.; Bruck, J.; Quarg, S.: Allgemeine Managementlehre, Berlin 2010
Kutschker, M; Gürtler, M.: Internationales Management, Oldenbourg 2010
Marcharzina, K.; Wolf, J.: Unternehmensführung – Das internationale Managementwissen, Wiesbaden 2010
Statistische Analysemethoden- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
- WP
- 0 SWS
- 10 ECTS
Number
90781
Duration (semester)
1
Contact time
90 h
Self-study
210 h
Learning outcomes/competences
- Overview of the possible applications of structure-discovering and structure-testing multivariate analysis methods as well as deterministic and stochastic simulation, with a focus on business management problems
- Fundamental knowledge of multivariate analysis methods, in particular application-oriented interpretation of analysis results
- Fundamental knowledge of deterministic and stochastic simulation
- Ability to apply multivariate analysis methods and simulation techniques to business case studies (with large amounts of data) using suitable software
Contents
- Multivariate analysis methods: multiple linear regression analysis (also with dichotomous independent variables), logistic regression analysis, analysis of variance, discriminant analysis, contingency analysis (Chaid analysis), cluster analysis, factor analysis)
- Simulation techniques: Basic concepts and objectives of simulation, deterministic vs. stochastic simulation, conducting a simulation study, generation of (pseudo-)random numbers, Monte Carlo simulation (incl. methods for variance reduction)
- DV exercises on multivariate analysis methods and simulation: (working on exercises and case studies on multivariate analysis methods and simulation on the PC with SPSS, GPSS World and Crystal Ball (Excel add-in)
Teaching methods
Participation requirements
Content: none
Forms of examination
Requirements for the awarding of credit points
Applicability of the module (in other degree programs)
Importance of the grade for the final grade
Literature
Bühl, A.: SPSS 18: Einführung in die moderne Datenanalyse, 12. Auflage, München (Pearson)2010
Charnes, J.: Financial Modeling with Crystal Ball and Excel, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA (John Wiley & Sons)2007
Eckey, H.-F.; Kosfeld, R.; Rengers, M.: Multivariate Statistik, Wiesbaden (Gabler)2002
Jäckel, P.: Monte Carlo Methods in Finance, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA (John Wiley & Sons)2002
Rathbauer, H.: Angewandte Simulation mit GPSS World für Windows, Berlin (Logos Verlag)2003
Rudolf, M.; Müller, J.: Multivariate Verfahren, Göttingen (Hogrefe)2004
Steinhausen, D.: Simulationstechniken, München (Oldenbourg)1994